Citations
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Citations
Section titled “Citations”Original authors and projects
Section titled “Original authors and projects”- batoulapps — Original
adhanlibrary in Java, JavaScript, Swift, and Kotlin. The astronomical calculation methods, formulas, and overall architecture are derived from these implementations. - alphahm — Original adhanpy Python port. This fork continues from that work.
Astronomical calculation sources
Section titled “Astronomical calculation sources”The prayer time calculation methods, mathematical formulas, and computational steps are derived from:
- Jean Meeus — Astronomical Algorithms (2nd ed., Willmann-Bell, 1998). The core astronomical formulas for solar position, equation of time, and hour angle calculations.
- US Naval Observatory (USNO) — Solar position algorithms and twilight calculations. Reference: aa.usno.navy.mil
- PrayTimes.org — Standard prayer time calculation methods and Fajr/Isha angle conventions. Reference: praytimes.org
Calculation method sources
Section titled “Calculation method sources”| Method | Source |
|---|---|
| Muslim World League | Fajr angle 18°, Isha angle 17° |
| ISNA (North America) | Fajr angle 15°, Isha angle 15° |
| Egyptian | Fajr angle 19.5°, Isha angle 17.5° |
| Karachi | Fajr angle 18°, Isha angle 18° |
| Umm al-Qura | Fajr angle 18.5°, Isha interval 90 minutes |
| Moonsighting Committee | Fajr angle 18°, Isha angle 18°, seasonal adjustments |
| Kuwait | Fajr angle 18°, Isha angle 17.5° |
| Qatar | Fajr angle 18°, Isha interval 90 minutes |
| Singapore | Fajr angle 20°, Isha angle 18° |
| UOIF | Fajr angle 12°, Isha angle 12° |
License
Section titled “License”This project is licensed under the MIT License — see LICENSE for details.