ISSN

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Canonicalizes one ISSN identifier per call to its hyphenated canonical form with mod-11 check-digit validation.

In plain language: give it "0317-8471" or "03178471" or "ISSN 0317-8471" and it hands back 0317-8471 if the check digit is correct (X = 10). The hyphen is presentation — the underlying value is always hyphenated unless you ask for compact.

What it recognizes — and what it does not

Recognizes	Does not recognize
Bare hyphenated `0317-8471`, `0378-5955`, `1050-124X`	ISSN with wrong check digit — recognized but `INVALID` (e.g. `0378-5954` → `INVALID`)
Bare compact `03178471`, `1050124X` (no hyphen)	Space at hyphen position `0317 8471` → `MISSING` (strict `-?` only)
Label `ISSN 0317-8471`, `ISSN: 0317-8471`, `ISSN-L 0264-2875`, `ISSN-H 1365-201X` (case-insensitive, `x`→`X` folded)	Unicode dash `0317–8471` (en-dash U+2013 / em-dash) → `MISSING` (hyphen-minus U+002D only)
Glued `ISSN03178471` (no separator after label, `glued allow`)	`eISSN 0317-8471` / `pISSN 0378-5955` without hyphen → `MISSING` (informal prefixes not in ISSN Manual; hyphenated `e-ISSN 0317-8471` incidentally matches `ISSN 0317-8471` via substring)
Embedded in prose `see ISSN 0317-8471 (print)`	`1234 - 5679` (space-hyphen-space) → `MISSING`
`urn:issn:0317-8471` incidentally as `issn:0317-8471` (span excludes `urn:`)	`123456789` (9 digits) → `MISSING` via `BoundarySpec.WORD`

Strict hyphen: -\? at canonical position 4 only. Tolerant 1234 - 5679 (space around hyphen) and 1234 5679 are MISSING unless a Pre normalizer is added (memo §13#5, Oracle fix 3). Hyphen-digit continuation 0317-8471-2 is MISSING (trailing (?![-]\d) blocks prefix, WORD alone would have allowed it). Label separator is [\s:-]* with glued allow (vs IBAN reject); ISSN03178471 matches, IBANDE89... is MISSING per ADR §9.7.

Canonical output

Default output_format is "hyphenated" (XXXX-XXXX). Mirrors ISBN’s presentational-only output_format invariant: rules never read it.

`output_format`	Renders	Example for `0317-8471`
(default) `hyphenated` / `None` / `"default"`	hyphenated canonical	`0317-8471`
`compact`	bare 8 digits	`03178471`
`urn`	URN namespace	`urn:issn:0317-8471`

compact strips hyphen, urn wraps urn:issn: (lowercase namespace, hyphen preserved, X uppercase). Formatting adds no provenance; the validating rule remains Section 4-issn-check-digit (ISO 3297:2022).

from paxman.capabilities import ISSN
import paxman

paxman.register_all_shipped()
paxman.canonicalize("0317-8471", ISSN.create_contract()).canonicalized_value  # "0317-8471"
paxman.canonicalize("03178471", ISSN.create_contract()).canonicalized_value  # "0317-8471" (bare → hyphenated)
paxman.canonicalize("ISSN 0317-8471", ISSN.create_contract()).canonicalized_value  # "0317-8471"
paxman.canonicalize("0317-8471", ISSN.create_contract(output_format="compact")).canonicalized_value  # "03178471"
paxman.canonicalize("0317-8471", ISSN.create_contract(output_format="urn")).canonicalized_value  # "urn:issn:0317-8471"
paxman.canonicalize("1050-124x", ISSN.create_contract()).canonicalized_value  # "1050-124X" (x→X)

Contract

contract = ISSN.create_contract(
    output_format=None,  # "hyphenated" (default), "compact", "urn"
    # plus every common field: excluded_rules / pinned_rules / year / extra_grammars / suppress_common_words
)

No include_* flags (single always-active grammar, active_grammars=None → engine runs every get_grammars() grammar in order). Other caps use include_* to gate grammars; ISSN does not.
year filters rules by publication_year (ISO 3297:2022 → 2022, so year=2021 → INVALID per temporal filtering, even though check digit stable since earlier editions).
output_format resolves via CapabilityContract.__post_init__ (None/"default"/"hyphenated" → hyphenated, ContractError otherwise).

Statuses

Input	Contract	Status	Why
`0317-8471`	defaults	`SUCCESS`	bare hyphenated, mod-11 valid
`03178471`	defaults	`SUCCESS`	compact → hyphenated `0317-8471`
`ISSN 0317-8471`	defaults	`SUCCESS`	label with span (0,14)
`ISSN-L 0264-2875`	defaults	`SUCCESS`	linking ISSN, same check
`1050-124X` / `1050-124x`	defaults	`SUCCESS`	`X=10` (folded)
`0378-5954` (bad check)	any	`INVALID`	recognized but check fails (`5` expected)
`12X4-5679` / `X234-5679`	any	`MISSING`	`\d{4}` guard filters mid-X; rule also rejects
`0317-8471-2`	any	`MISSING`	hyphen-digit continuation blocked by `(?![-]\d)`
`call me at noon`	any	`MISSING`	no ISSN pattern
Two distinct ISSNs `0317-8471 0378-5955`	any	raises `MultipleMentionsError`	split first

Notebook snippet

import paxman
from paxman.capabilities import ISSN
from paxman.core.domain import Resolution

paxman.register_all_shipped()
c = ISSN.create_contract()
c_compact = ISSN.create_contract(output_format="compact")
c_urn = ISSN.create_contract(output_format="urn")

for text in ["0317-8471", "03178471", "ISSN 0317-8471", "1050-124x", "0378-5954", "hello"]:
    r = paxman.canonicalize(text, c)
    rc = paxman.canonicalize(text, c_compact)
    ru = paxman.canonicalize(text, c_urn)
    print(f"{text!r:20} → {r.status.value:10} {r.canonicalized_value!r:15} compact={rc.canonicalized_value!r:10} urn={ru.canonicalized_value!r}")

Provenance

ISO 3297:2022 (7th edition 2022-06, ISSN International Centre, Paris) — structure (8 chars, 7 digits + X) and mod-11 check digit (weights 8→2, X=10, 11→0). Catalogue at https://www.iso.org/standard/84536.html.

Deferred per research memo: ISSN Manual (May 2025) display detail, RFC 3044 / draft-ietf-urnbis-rfc3044bis / IANA urn:issn (URN namespace — urn:issn: wrapping is presentation only, no validation rule in v1), ISSN Register (portal.issn.org) linking/cluster ISSN-L (relational, not lexical — requires registry lookup, same lexical shape).